A 13.2% locking-range divide-by-6, 3.1mW, ILFD using even-harmonic-enhanced direct injection technique for millimeter-wave PLLs

This paper presents a wide-locking-range, low-power, Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (ILFD) using even-harmonic-enhanced direct injection technique which can operate with a high division ratio of 4 and 6. The proposed ILFD has been fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process with a core area of 0.002mm
²
. The proposed ILFD achieves the widest measured locking range reported of 4.3 GHz (13.2%) for a divide-by-6 operation with a power consumption of only 3.1mW without any tuning mechanism. Moreover, it also achieves 5.7GHz (28.5%) for divide-by-4 operation while consuming only 3.1mW. Combining its multi-division and tuning capability, the dividing capability ranges from 14.0-38.0GHz while consuming 2.8 to 5.4mW.