Multimode antenna element with hemispherical beam peak and null steering

A multimode antenna element consisting of a single fed omnidirectional dielectric resonator antenna and directional dual fed patch antenna is presented. By exciting three orthogonal radiating modes, the resulting element beam peak and null can be steered continuously by adjusting port amplitude ratios. It is also shown through simulation studies that the resulting beam shaping can be used to reduce a grating lobe by 9 dB and increase scan range by 10° in a four element linear array implementation.