A review on operation of micro grids and Virtual Power Plants in the power markets

The share of distributed generation (DG) in the power system generation is increasingly grown up and for the economical and technical reasons; their integration is deeply concentrated by the researchers. This paper reintroduces the integration of distributed energy resources (DER), i.e. DGs, controllable loads and energy storages, into micro grid and virtual power plant (VPP) and also reviews their operation in the power market. Moreover, it discusses the perspective of market transactions of future VPPs in active distribution networks.