Design Equations for Fractional-Order Sinusoidal Oscillators: Practical Circuit Examples

Some practical sinusoidal oscillators are studied in the general form where fractional-order energy storage elements are considered. A fractional-order element is one whose complex impedance is given by Z = α(jω)
^±α
; 𝒶 is a constant and α is not necessarily an integer. As a result, these oscillators are described by sets of fractional-order differential equations. Numerical and PSpice simulation results are shown.