Influence of cavity tuning on the transverse mode in vertical-cavity lasers

Data are presented showing the dependence of the transverse mode on the relative tuning of the cavity resonance to the gain peak in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Higher-order lasing modes are favored for the condition of a cavity resonant wavelength longer than that of the gain peak wavelength, while lower-order (single-lobed) radiation patterns are favored for the cavity resonance at a shorter wavelength than that of the gain peak.<
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