The evolution of AUV power systems

The heritage of the AUV and associated power system can be traced back to the 19th century clockwork torpedo. Today power systems based on a multitude of concepts from closed-cycle heat engines to solar charged batteries are available. This evolution of AUV power systems has been enhanced by the growing involvement of the nonmilitary underwater science and engineering sectors since the 1960s. However with the present trend of using AUVs mainly in hydrographic survey tasks, especially in the deep oceans, manufacturers are choosing reliable and affordable battery systems in preference to the many potentially high performance exotic power systems which could provide true autonomy to the vehicles. In this paper the authors trace the evolution of AUV power systems and attempt to provide some insights into this evolution.