Exploring the Potential of Fuzzy Sets in Cyborg Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review

In an era marked by the rapid advancement of information technology, individuals now have the ability to enhance their organic bodies with mechanical and computational devices, revolutionizing their capabilities in everyday activities. However, the seamless integration of biosignals with mechanical counterparts continues to pose significant challenges. To address this, fuzzy logic (FL) emerges as a potential key to these challenges, offering a promising solution for handling the uncertainties and ambiguity inherent in biosignals. It thereby facilitates improved cyborg intelligence in an array of applications, including but not limited to wireless body area networks, brain–computer interfaces, prosthetics, and exoskeletons. Although previous works have highlighted the enhancement of cyborg intelligence using fuzzy sets, all of them only dived single aspects of the cyborg intelligence enhancement applications, leading to a lack of comprehensive understanding. Therefore, we provide a holistic overview of the state-of-the-art applications of FL in cyborg enhancement technology, encompassing its benefits, challenges, and potential directions for future research.

I. Introduction

Throughout millions of years of evolution and the processes of natural selection, the human species has undergone significant transformations, leading to the development of its current intricate organic body structure. However, the inherent limitations of organic bodies render them incapable of sustaining human survival in harsh and extreme environments, such as the inhospitable conditions encountered in deep space or the unforgiving climates of polar regions [1], [2], [3]. In response to these challenges, the concept of cyborg technology has emerged as a potential solution, offering the prospect of seamlessly integrating biological bodies with machines [4], [5]. This amalgamation of biological and mechanical components holds the promise of repairing or enhancing human body functions, effectively extending the range of capabilities and adaptability beyond what organic bodies alone can achieve [6], [7], [8]. The integration of cyborg technology represents a paradigm shift in addressing the inherent constraints of organic bodies, opening up new possibilities for human exploration and survival in environments that were previously considered inhospitable [9], [10], [11].