Evaluation of Navigation Solution using Carrier Doppler Shifts from LEO constellations and its Combination with NavIC

Carrier Doppler of LEO constellations are Signals-of-Opportunity and using Doppler-based positioning technique, these observations can be utilized in a navigation solution. An algorithm for the proposed positioning technique is devised and the performance is compared against pseudorange-based positioning. A detailed analysis of DOP is provided using code and Doppler-based positioning. Further, combining LEO constellations with NavIC in a hybrid navigation solution, we have evaluated the merits of using observations from LEO satellites. The novelty of this paper is in leveraging benefits of LEO constellation in combination with NavIC to improve availability, DOP, and accuracy, especially under partial visibility conditions.