Application Research of High-Precision Ultrasonic Technology in Position Sensing for Pneumatic Actuators

In response to the problems of poor environmental adaptability, real-time performance, and insufficient response speed in traditional research, this paper improved the environmental adaptability, real-time performance, and response speed of the system by optimizing sensor selection and layout, signal processing and filtering, hardware and algorithm optimization. In terms of sensor selection and arrangement, the MaxBotix MB7360 sensor was selected and a multi-sensor arrangement (surround and overlap) was adopted to improve measurement reliability and stability. The frequency domain analysis and least squares fitting curve of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) are used for signal processing and filtering optimization. Then, the digital low-pass filter processed the signal collected by the sensor to eliminate high-frequency noise and interference, while retaining effective signal components. In order to optimize hardware and algorithms, the high-performance embedded processor ARM Cortex-M series was adopted. This series of embedded processors was combined with fast ADC (analog-to-digital converter) modules to achieve rapid acquisition and processing of sensor signals. Finally, through improved PID control algorithm and adaptive sliding mode control strategy, real-time and precise control of pneumatic actuator position was achieved. The experimental results showed that using optimization methods achieved significant improvements in accuracy, stability, and response speed compared to traditional methods. The optimized system has significantly improved environmental adaptability, real-time performance, and response speed, providing reliable technical support for precise control of pneumatic actuators, which is of great significance for the development of industrial automation control systems.