Conductive and Inductive Charging for EVs Technologies, Standards: A Review

Green energy and transit are essential for smart cities. EV use is needed to maximize green transportation. The existing battery technology for electric vehicles faces problems, including long recharge periods, various charging methods for EVs are being studied including battery swapping, plugging, and wireless. This paper presents a review of current charging technologies for EVs, and worldwide charging standards, including the Integration of Conductive (Wired) and Inductive (wireless) charging standards, wired charging systems are categorized into on-board AC (indirect) or off-board DC (direct) depending on how BEV batteries are fed from the power grid. Further, the integration of conductive and inductive charging for EVs is thoroughly reviewed with a comparison of the current EV market, along with leading companies, standards, configurations, and topologies of wireless charging technologies discussed.