Adaptive K-Means Based Sampling Frequency Offset Compensation for Ultra-Wideband System

An improved adaptive k-means algorithm is proposed for compensating sampling frequency offsets in multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband over fiber (UWBoF) system. Simulation results show that the sampling frequency offsets (SFO) of
$+110$
ppm and
$\pm 225$
ppm can be compensated after 100 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) propagation for 64 quadrantal amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16QAM, respectively, and the BER is lower than the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold.