Optimization of Renewable Energy in North Sumatra Using Firefly Algorithm Method Towards Net Zero Emissions

North Sumatra has quite abundant natural resources, which can be utilized as renewable energy sources, such as hydropower, geothermal, biomass, biogas, and solar. But until now it has not been used optimally. This study aims to optimize all renewable energy plants in North Sumatra using the Firefly Algorithm (FA) method. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics by comparing the actual power capacity of renewable energy against minimum values, maximum values, average values, and standard deviations. Where this test was carried out 5 times with some iterations of 100, 500, 2500, 12,500, and 62,500 using Matlab R2019a software. This study concluded that the best performance when optimized was micro-hydro power which reached the best object of 2724.1269 MW, followed by solar achieved the best objective of 2652.2975 MW. This shows that the development of renewable energy sources has significant potential to achieve the Net Zero Emissions target in North Sumatra.