Contents I. Introduction
With the development of fifth-generation communication technology, satellite communication has become an effective supplement to terrestrial networks [1]. LEO networks extend reliable communication services to regions where terrestrial connectivity is either unavailable or economically unfeasible [2]. This enhances global access to high-speed internet and supports critical tasks such as environmental monitoring, global positioning, and emergency communication during disasters [3]. However, routing optimization problem in satellite networks is currently an important challenge. The dynamic nature of LEO network requires advanced algorithms that can adapt to frequent changes in satellite positions and the resultant variations in network connectivity.
