Innovations in Bolometer Technology for Enhanced Terahertz Detection

Recent advancements in bolometer technology, particularly for terahertz (THz) detection, have significantly enhanced their performance and broadened their application spectrum. This review paper systematically explores the pivotal role of nanotechnology in these advancements, focusing on novel materials and design innovations that have revolutionized bolometer functionality. Nano-engineered materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes have introduced substantial improvements in sensitivity, response times, and operational bandwidths due to their superior thermal and electrical properties. Additionally, the evolution in bolometer structure design, including microbolometers and integration techniques, has facilitated compact, efficient sensor arrays that are increasingly incorporated into commercial and scientific imaging systems. The paper also discusses the challenges of integrating these advanced materials and designs into existing systems, highlighting the need for ongoing research and development to optimize performance and ensure practical deployment. Through detailed examination of recent developments and future prospects, this review articulates the transformative impact of nanotechnology on bolometer development, underscoring how these advancements significantly enhance performance and expand the range of practical applications for bolometers.