Reconstructing Complex 3D Surface of Curved Roadways from Point Cloud Data

The concept of a digital twin [1] , which involves analyzing information obtained from the analysis of detailed and large-scale digital models replicating real-world entities and providing feedback to real-world predictions and control, is an essential technological concept aimed at realization in various fields [2] . In the field of civil engineering responsible for managing urban societies and disaster prevention, modeling entire urban cities based on the concept of digital twin is positioned as a fundamental initiative to enhance the understanding the state of infrastructures and disaster situations [3] , [4] , [5] .