Survey on Objective Measurement and Sensor-Based Detection of Physical and Social Activities

Researchers are looking into Human Activity Recognition to find out different activities using affordable sensors. They are also using machine learning for real-time monitoring with sensor data. In healthcare, it's important to know how much energy is used during activities, especially for people who cannot move much, like older folks with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Figuring out their daily energy use is crucial to help them manage fatigue better. So, there's a need for a detailed study on finding different activities and understanding how much energy is used in every activity, especially in healthcare. In this survey paper, we explored articles about recognizing physical and social activities. We looked into the detailed methods used to calculate energy expenditure, carefully comparing the sensors used in various research projects. We investigated pre-processing techniques for sensor data. We uncovered how to extract features and studied the machine-learning methods used with raw sensor data. Bringing all this together not only broadened our understanding but also gave us a nuanced view of recognizing activities and calculating energy expenditure. This paper provides a detailed survey of recent sensor-based research focused on detecting and measuring physical activities. There is a scarcity of systems utilizing sensors for this purpose. As the number of individuals facing challenges in performing day-to-day activities continues to rise, there is an imperative need for enhanced methods to develop such systems.