The Multi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problems with Parcel Lockers for Simultaneous Pick-Up and Delivery

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the de-mand for last-mile logistics has surged, presenting unprecedented challenges to the last mile delivery segment. The industry has adopted the use of parcel lockers to alleviate delivery pressure, which has become a common practice. Various methods have been developed to address issues related to parcel lockers. However, research integrating parcel lockers with both pick-up and delivery services while considering multiple objectives in logistics is relatively scarce. This study proposes a multi-objective vehicle routing problem model with parcel lockers for simultaneous pick-up and delivery. The model takes into account critical factors such as the number of vehicles, delivery costs and customer satisfaction. Building upon the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), the study combines a Hybrid Insertion strategy (HI) to propose an improved algorithm called NSGA-II-HI, for solving the problem. The performance of the proposed NSGA-II-HI is evaluated using the hypervolume and inverted generational distance metrics on 15 datasets, in comparison with the traditional NSGA-II. The results indicate that the NSGA-II-HI generally provides superior solutions in most cases.