IoT Medical Device with Digital Signal Processing for Photoplethysmography Derived Respiratory Rate

Self-monitoring respiratory and cardiac health is challenging without proper equipment and medical knowledge. While Masimo offers ideal remote monitoring through a pulse oximeter, device accessibility is still a significant issue. Thus, we designed a novel device designed for remote monitoring of vital signs using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and sensor technology in healthcare. Leveraging the capabilities of the modest MAX30102 sensor and ESP32 microcontroller, the device integrates seamlessly with IoT networks, enabling real-time transmission of heart and respiratory rate (RR) data with general assessment feedback to a convenient cellphone application. A sophisticated digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm was implemented in the device, which accurately derives RR from photoplethysmography (PPG) heart rate signals. This DSP-based device ensures precision in RR measurement and facilitates self-monitoring. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Bland-Altman analysis results demonstrated the device's accuracy and reliability in capturing vital sign data. By bridging IoT capabilities with advanced DSP techniques, the device is a promising solution for remote patient monitoring to improve healthcare.