PSO-IFOC Based PMSM Sensorless Drive for High Performance Hub Configuration Electric Vehicles

In the realm of electric vehicles (EVs), there has been a notable and pronounced shift towards the prominence of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) in recent decades. Due to the many advantages they offer, including a commendable power-to-size ratio, cost-effective maintenance, and an expansive speed governing range. In the high-performance EV sector, the prevalence of in-wheel motor or hub motor configurations has witnessed a considerable uptick. However, the simultaneous coordination of all four motors in 4-wheel drive EVs presents a formidable challenge, stemming from intricacies in the operational dynamics of four-wheel independent drive (4WID) vehicles, leading to potential mechanical sensor failures. To address the above challenges, this paper introduces a novel cooperative multiple PMSMs control strategy, aiming to mitigate operational issues, reduce costs, and enhance safety in EV operations. The proposed approach uses a modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, which results in smooth operation and the overarching goal of ensuring the efficient and secure functioning of EVs across diverse driving conditions.