Territory Division Lyapunov Controller for Fast Maximum Power Point Tracking of Pavement PV System

The stochastic fast-varying output characteristics of pavement photovoltaic (PV) system pose a great challenge for the real-time measurement and rapid tracking of the maximum power point (MPP). This article proposes a rapid algorithm for pavement PV arrays using territory division (TD) Lyapunov controller (TD-Lyapunov). The proposed Lyapunov controller is designed to maintain the important stability requirement which enables a fast convergence to the control equation at each duty cycle. A territory division strategy is designed in the Lyapunov controller to improve its global searching capability. Finally, an experimental platform for pavement PV arrays was built. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method are thoroughly tested and compared with four other algorithms, which include the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, salp swarm algorithm (SSA) algorithm, gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm and Harris hawk optimization algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively adapt to a variety of vehicle shading conditions of the pavement PV arrays, and the average tracking accuracy reaches 98.3%, which is significantly higher than other comparative algorithms. In addition, the average tracking time of the proposed algorithm is only 0.147 s, which is seven times faster than the four compared algorithms. The tracking process also exhibits less fluctuation.