Hybrid Message Authentication Scheme for Internet of Vehicles Based on Zero Knowledge Proof

Secure and efficient communication between vehicles is a prerequisite for providing intelligent services in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The openness and high mobility of the IoV communication environment impose stringent requirements on privacy and efficiency. Hence, we propose an efficient hybrid anonymous message authentication scheme for the IoV environment. The scheme is based on utilizing discrete logarithm zero-knowledge proofs and combines global pseudo identity for communication between network entities and local pseudo identity for communication within a domain, aiming to achieve efficient and authenticated secure communication among vehicles with conditional privacy protection. Additionally, through the design of a verification tuple, the message receiver can authenticate the sender's identity upon receiving the message, addressing security vulnerabilities arising from the inability of traditional schemes to promptly revoke malicious vehicles. The performance analysis indicates that the scheme, in comparison to other similar solutions, successfully mitigates the drawback of high time expenditure in traditional message authentication schemes, demonstrating its efficiency and applicability, meeting the security and efficiency requirements of communication in the IoV environment. The feasibility analysis reveals that the total delay introduced by the scheme is significantly lower than the communication duration, meeting the requirements of high-speed dynamic scenarios in the Io V.