Smart Mobile Power Bank: A Novel Grid-friendly Mobile Microgrid for Power Grid with High Penetration of Renewable Vehicles

The increasing penetration of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) such as electric vehicles (EVs), hydrogen-driven vehicles, etc., poses reliability and stability issues to modern power grids. To tackle this, this paper presents a novel concept, named as smart mobile power bank (SMPB), to implement grid-friendly vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and mobile charging station. The concept and principle of SMPB are first developed, where a cluster of DC/DC converters is developed to integrate the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), photovoltaic panels, and AFVs as a form of DC microgrid. The HESS can reduce the rate of change of voltage of the DC bus with the help of the proposed virtual inertia control. Thus, a high-quality power supply for EVs is achieved. Meanwhile, the SMPB can support the power grid as a DC machine to improve inertia response and reduce voltage fluctuations. Furthermore, an electricity price-prioritized droop control strategy is developed to perform power management in a cost-effective way. Hardware-in-the-loop experimental results are provided to validate the proposed concept and operation strategies. The proposed solution is able to improve the security, flexibility and economy of the power grids with high penetration of renewable fuel vehicles.