Quantitative Analysis of Ovicaprid Bone Tools from Early Neolithic Europe Using Dental CBCT Imaging

Our approach involves conducting a quantitative analysis of Neolithic tools, namely weaning equipment, which have been previously documented and characterized by distinct human teeth marks. We utilized dental CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) imaging to scrutinize four samples in order to gain understanding of their internal volume and their significance in early feeding practices. Moreover, our intention was to provide a detailed examination of the composition of these bone tools. We employed a methodology that involved precise measurements of various aspects of the tools, including measuring the length of the tool, as well as the internal length, the maximal inner breadth, and the thickness of the recipient’s rim. We utilized the onDemand3D software, which proved to be efficient in its ability to process DICOM files and employ image processing techniques to calculate the volume of the tools. Our investigation also uncovered details, such as damages to the rim and the presence of usage traces along the edge of the recipient. This study not only makes a significant contribution to the understanding of weaning practices during the Early Neolithic period, but it also serves as a prime example of the application of advanced imaging technologies in the field of archaeological research.