Design and Implementation of Penta-band Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for wireless applications

A penta-band slotted patch antenna, featuring a octagonal shape, is developed and analysed with a primary emphasis on compactness, measuring 37 mm × 22 mm × 1.6 mm. This antenna is engineered to operate across five distinct microwave frequency bands, catering to a wide array of wireless applications. These include S band WiMAX (3.5 GHz – IEEE 802.16e), C band WLAN (5.0 GHz – IEEE 802.11j, 5.8 GHz – IEEE 802.11a), 5G NR bands (n77 – 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, n78 – 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, n79 – 4.4 to 5.0 GHz, n46 – 5.15 to 5.925 GHz, n47 – 5.855 to 5.925 GHz), X band (8 to 12 GHz – Radar, space communication, terrestrial broadband, amateur radio applications), Lower K
U
band (12.53 to 14.98 GHz – satellite communication), Lower K band (17.76 to 18.91 GHz – astronomical observations), and Middle K band (19.77 to 22.01 GHz – molecular rotational spectroscopy). The antenna design incorporates a slotted radiating patch and a partial ground section adopting a rectangular shape, fabricated on an FR-4 dielectric substrate material. This configuration enables the antenna to effectively operate across multiple bands, as confirmed by simulated results showcasing favourable return loss, radiation patterns, gain, and radiation efficiency. The stability of these simulated results persists across the resonating modes attained by the antenna.