Level Change of Biochemical Markers in Serum After Acute Administration of Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) Nanoparticles

The treatment of cytokine storm includes inhibiting specific immune cells using the conjugated anti-cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) monoclonal antibodies with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs are delivered by intravenous injection and applied to selectively target the amount needed for treatment using magnetic separation technology. The structure of the MNPs has an amine group attached to the surface of silica (SiO2) with a diameter of 35 nm surrounding magnetite (Fe3O4) in the core. Observing changes in the body, organ weights, and serum biochemical markers is crucial before any clinical administration. We aim to observe that there are no side effects by analyzing serum biochemical indicators when silica-coated MNPs conjugated with antibodies are administered in vivo. Body weights and organ indices were significantly reduced until day 30 in the treated mice groups than the control mice group. The biochemical markers aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate ALT (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are not significantly changed upon MNP-Si administration. The serum creatinine levels indicating kidney toxicity are maintained at an increased level from day 3 to day 30. These show the increased circulatory loads of MNPs induced pressure to the kidney, and the damage is recovered once the particles are deposited into other organs. Based on our results, the factors affecting MNPs properties, including, size, silica outer membrane shell, and treatment doses, should be revised for in vivo magnetic drug targeting of the living body.