Research on Planning and Operational of EV Charging Stations With Photovoltaic and Storage Systems

With the development and popularization of electric vehicles (EVs), the number of EVs and EV charging stations has shown explosive growth. In order to provide convenient charging services for EV users and improve the economic benefits of EV charging stations, it is urgent to conduct research on the planning and economic optimization of EV charging stations. This article proposes a dual-layer economic optimization model based on this, with the upper layer aiming to maximize the net revenue of EV charging stations. Combining with the current EV charging policy in Beijing, the construction cost and operational efficiency are respectively considered. In terms of construction costs, the cost of charging stations, photovoltaic power generation systems, and energy storage devices is considered. In terms of operational efficiency, the cost of purchasing electricity for charging stations, revenue from charging stations, and the cost of energy storage device losses are also considered. In the lower-level model, with the goal of reducing minimum network loss, a lowerlevel optimization scheduling model based on optimal power flow was established. Based on the IEEE 33-node distribution network power system simulation model, simulation analysis was conducted on the proposed lower-level planning model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed dual-level optimization model.