Design of Low-Cost Compact FR-4 Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G, ISM, and X-band Applications

This study focuses on advancing low-cost patch antenna technology, specifically exploring a rigid model fine-tuned for 5G and Satellite Communication Applications through the utilization of FR-4 as the substrate. Emphasizing compactness, the engineered antenna boasts dimensions of 25mm × 25mm × 1.5mm for the rigid variant, demonstrating meticulous design with circular structures forming both patch and ground elements. Noteworthy is the deliberate optimization for concentric shapes within the radiating structures. The FR-4 antenna proves its versatility by operating across multiple frequencies—spanning 2.1GHz, 3.8GHz, 5.8GHz, and 8.4GHz—paving the way for diverse applications encompassing n1 5G, LTE 5G, ISM, and X-band functionalities.