Optimization of Coaxial Feed Position Selection and Exploitation of Metasurface to Improve Microstrip Antenna Radiation Performance

Low gain and directivity are the major drawbacks of conventional microstrip patch antennas (MSA). Microstrip patch antennas come in various shapes, including circular, triangular, and rectangular, and are utilized in numerous fields, including biomedical engineering, the military, and radar. This paper presents a simulated MSA designed for X-band applications (8–10 GHz). The proposal describes a microstrip patch antenna with a metasurface cover fed by a coaxial feed. It improves the performance of conventional microstrip antenna using simulation-based optimization for the best feed position and employing metasurface to enhance gain and directivity. A 4×4 square patches metasurface array is utilized to control the surface wave. The proposed antenna is simulated by analyzing the results of various MSA shapes using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). Here, we compare and examine parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and directivity. Circular MSA matching was approximately three times better due to the precise selection of the coaxial feed position compared to the conventional configuration. In addition, the metasurface cover helped the rectangular MSA radiate 80 MHz closer to the desired resonance frequency.