Symmetrical Beam Pattern Generation of Open-ended Waveguide with Enhanced Gain using an Elliptical Dielectric Sandwiched Groundplane

This paper uses a standard WR28 open-ended waveguide (OEWG) antenna to generate a symmetrical beam pattern with improved gain. An elliptical ground plane consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between two conducting layers is placed at the open-end side of the OEWG to improve the gain, and later elliptical slots are etched to expose the dielectric substrate. The introduction of an elliptical ground plane has enhanced the gain of OEWG from 5.69 dBi to 8.86 dBi. Later, an elliptical slot was introduced to expose the hidden substrate, which helped to generate a symmetrical beam in the range of $-45^{\circ}\leq\theta\leq 45^{\circ}$. Finally, an edge modification along the E-plane helped generate a symmetrical beam pattern in the range of $-90^{\circ}\leq\theta\leq 90^{\circ}$. Ansys HFSS full-wave simulator is used to carry out the optimization and simulations.