Review of Fault Current Limiting Measures in AC Power Systems

In recent years, a prominent issue has emerged due to the rapid development of the power system: the short-circuit currents often surpass the block capacity of the breakers. This paper summarizes current limiting measures (CLMs) in AC power systems, including topology-based and equipment-based measures. The principles of different measures and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. A comparison of different current limiting measures in terms of difficulty of implementation, the effectiveness of current limiting, economics, and impact on system stability is carried out. The results indicate promising prospects for the fault current limiter (FCL) and flexible current limiting techniques (FLCL). At the same time, further research on equipment topology and configuration is needed to improve their economics.