1. INTRUDUCTION
In response to common issues in digital photography, where Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images often suffer from overexposure or underexposure, a typical practice involves capturing multiple LDR images with varying exposures and then merging them into a High Dynamic Range (HDR) image. However, this approach faces two significant challenges as discussed in the literature [1]. First, misalignment among LDR images results in artifacts and ghosting in the final output. Second, inadequate image information arises from saturated regions in LDR inputs.