LEO Satellite Constellation Design for Seamless Global Coverage with QoS Guarantee

The proliferation of satellite launch technology has prompted the rise of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations (LSC) as an effective complement to improve network coverage. However, few LSC are designed to guarantee quality of service (QoS) within link budget constraints, leading to wasteful resource utilization. In this paper, we consider QoS and link budget as constraints and formulate the LSC design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem (MoP). We focus on optimizing the configuration of the LSC to achieve maximum seamless multi-coverage and link capacity while minimizing its cost. To improve the population diversity and approach the optimal solution, we propose an Improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (INSGA-II) to solve this MoP, then the optimal LSC is designed considering different elevation angle constraints. Furthermore, a performance comparison with existing state-of-the-art constellations is presented. The results show that the designed LSC exhibits comparable and even superior performance to Telesat and Kepler, while the constellation scale is only 0.64 times that of the Kepler system.