Real-Time Investigation of LoRaWAN Architecture by LoRa Communication Module and Ultrasonic Sensor

In recent years, Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become the primary technology used in the majority of automation applications. The majority of IoT devices used in remote monitoring applications run on batteries, therefore finding technologies with a long range and low power consumption is essential to prolonging the application's life. At the moment, IoT applications are created using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zig-Bee; however, these technologies do not meet those criteria. LoRa (Long Range) is an alternative technology that satisfies this need. The aim of this study is to shed light on LoRa by describing its advantages and disadvantages. The thorough analysis of the literature also reveals that the majority of uses for ultrasonic sensors are Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications, such as proximity and level detection and Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and Received-Signal-Strength-Indicator (RSSI) quality assessment of received radio signals. As a result, this study also describes how it is done for the sensor and how it is used in a real-time LoRa-based IoT architecture.