Mobile Millimeter Wave Beam Tracking: A Genetic Algorithm-based Beamwidth and Power Control

Beam tracking is a crucial technique to maintain a stable communication link for mobile millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. However, in high mobility and narrow beam scenarios, the traditional beam tracking method will increase the tracking complexity or even fail due to the relatively limited beam coverage. This paper proposes a low-complexity and robust location-aided beam tracking algorithm from the perspective of beamwidth and transmit power control. First, we formulate the average achievable rate maximization problem with joint beamwidth and transmit power control. Next, we employ the genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the optimization problem and determine the optimal beamwidth and transmission power for the current mobile station (MS). Finally, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is utilized to trigger beam steering, ensuring the stability of beam tracking. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves performance in high-speed mobile scenarios. It enhances beam tracking robustness while reducing complexity.