Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Lead-Free FASnI3 Solar Cells through Acceptor Density Optimization

Tin-based photovoltaic (PV) cells have become known as a highly potential contender within the PV sector. However, the full potential of PV systems employing
$\text{FASn}{\mathrm{I}}_3$
(Formamidinium tin iodide) as the fundamental material has not been fully realized. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the device, research has been done to examine the effects of altering the acceptor density of the absorber layer
$({\text{FASn}{\mathrm{I}}_3})$
. The present study employed the SCAPS-1D simulation program to conduct thorough device simulations. The device structure suggested for this study had been scheduled to include
$\text{Cu}/\text{PEDOT}:\text{PSS} + \mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_3/\text{FASn}{\mathrm{I}}_3/\text{PCBM}/\text{FTO}$
. The density of acceptors has been methodically modified in increments of 10, spanning from
${10}^{15}$
to
${10}^{25}{\mathrm{c}}{\mathrm{m}}^{ - 3}$
. Based on the results, the most favorable
$\text{PV}$
characteristics are seen as follows: a
${J}_{SC} - 21.99{\text{mA}}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2,{V}_{OC} - 1.5\mathrm{V},\text{FF} - 87.57{{\% }}$
, and PCE -
$29.52{{\% }}$
. This is predicated on an ideal acceptor density of
${10}^{25}{\mathrm{c}}{\mathrm{m}}^{ - 3}$
. The aforementioned discoveries provide vital insights that can contribute to the improvement of PV device development. Moreover, they hold the potential to greatly improve the overall performance of solar cells that utilize tin as a key component.