Rectangular Patch Antenna with DGS Based on Integral Appolonian Circle Packing

In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna(MPA) has been designed to resonate at a frequency of 5.2 GHz. Rectangular patch antennas support only a single frequency of operation. The working of the MPA in terms of multiband operation can be improved by introducing Defected Ground Structures(DGS). In this work, a DGS based on Integral Appolonian Circle Packing is introduced into the antenna structure and its performance evaluated. Beginning with four mutually tangent circles, we can go on adding newer circles that are tangential to three of the previous circles by means of Apollonius theorem. This process can be repeated indefinitely to arrive at an infinite circle packing known an Apollonian circle packing. In integeral Appolonian cirlce packing, all the four mutually tangential circles of the Apollonian circle packing have an integer curvature. In this work. we are studying the performance improvement in the patch antenna when Integral Appolonian circle packing of curvature (-1,2,2,3) is introduced as DGS in the antenna structure. Upto three generation of the Appolonian circle packing has been simulated using OpenEMS. It has been observed that the first generation of the Appolonian circle packing resonates at three frequencies, namely 2.5 GHz, 4.1 GHz and 6.8 GHz,