Comparative Study of Perturb and Observe Incremental Conductance and Particle Swarm Optimisation for Maximum Power Point Tracking Under Changing Irradiance

Increasing the power output of photovoltaic (PV) systems is critical for efficient energy harvesting. This work gives a comprehensive comparison of three frequently used Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms: Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (Inc-Cond), and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO). The research looks at the performance of these algorithms under constant and variable irradiance settings with a constant temperature. The simulation findings highlight the merits and weaknesses of each method in terms of tracking efficiency, convergence speed, and robustness. The findings provide useful insights for determining the best MPPT algorithm for PV systems depending on unique environmental circumstances.