Emerging Applications and Open Challenges for Graphene-Based Catalytic Inks for Membrane Electrode Assemblies

Stable, highly efficient and long-term membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are still the key technologies for space systems using hydrogen and oxygen as reactants. To improve the life and reliability of the next generation of PEMFC stacks for space missions, development of stable and efficient MEAs become critical. This paper addresses two remedies toward these goals: the development of oxidation resistant hydrophilic coatings and oxidation resistant gas diffusion layers.