Optimal Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Vehicle-to-Grid System with Battery Energy Storage for Cost-Efficient Integration of Distributed Photovoltaics

This research focuses on the development of an optimisation framework for scheduling Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, considering the presence of substantial distributed photovoltaic (D-PV) presence in the network. A novel approach is introduced wherein EVs, and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are synergistically utilised. This dual optimisation ensures the BESS not only absorbs excess renewable energy but also seamlessly integrates EVs, leading to considerable cost efficiencies for aggregators. Utilising V2G capabilities and BESS storage, the proposed scheduling system dynamically manages EV charging and discharging. The design maximises local PV utilisation, lowers peak loads, and reduces grid dependency during high renewable time by intelligently coordinating EV activities. Simulator tests show significant cost reductions, the flexibility of EV adaptation, and improved energy storage and distribution. The study helps make high D-PV integration into V2G systems more affordable, enabling grid-friendly operations and environmentally beneficial mobility.