GTS-CS: A Game Theoretic Strategy for Distributed EV Charging Station using Multiple Photovoltaic

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) at a significant pace has become a prominent alternative to gasoline vehicles owing to their eminent advantages of alleviating greenhouse gas emissions for realizing carbon neutrality. However, the surge in the EVs can bring detrimental impacts on the charging station (CS) operations, causing stability issues during charging. Some researchers have introduced the photovoltaic (PV) concept to perform energy transactions with the CS efficiently but without considering the security and optimality aspect. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we have proposed a blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS)-based distributed and optimal EV CS framework, GTS-CS, using multiple photovoltaic (PV) owners. The employed IPFS with the blockchain facilitates a cost-efficient and reliable data storage platform for energy transactions between PV owners and CSs. Moreover, we have applied the coalition game theory between PV owners and CSs to maximize the profit while distributing the energy among CSs by determining the Nash equilibrium condition. Finally, the proposed GTS-CS framework is evaluated with various performance metrics such as profit, transactional timeframe, and optimal selling price.