Event-Based Fractional Order MIMO Control for Hemodynamic Stabilization During General Anesthesia

General anesthesia is used to induce a reversible loss of consciousness in a patient to ensure they are completely unaware and pain-free during a surgical procedure. This is achieved through the administration of a combination of drugs that depress the central nervous system and can include intravenous injections, inhaled gases, or a combination of both. During the anesthesia maintenance phase, the events in surgery are not continuous, but obey a profile similar to that endorsed by event-based control. The present study considers event-based control as a natural solution to the control challenge of general anesthesia. Two fractional order Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are tuned and implemented using a decentralized approach to control a part of general anesthesia based on hemodynamic variables. The results show that this approach can be successfully used to keep Cardiac Output and Mean Arterial Pressure stable, with a special focus on patient safety, through fast detection of surgical stimulus and robustness to inter/intra patient variability.