Power Hardware-in-the-Loop tests of a control architecture for isolated microgrids in a co-simulation framework

Climate change and ambitious goals, such as energy transition and carbon neutrality, require a massive integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). However, the intermittent and stochastic nature of RES makes net-load profiles more unpredictable. Unexpected fluctuations in RES power output encourage radical changes in the planning and operation of power systems, that must evolve towards the smart grid concept. In such a scenario, small non-synchronous electrical networks are more likely to face stability issues due to RES penetration, since they are characterized by low rotational inertia. Moreover, as the energy transition encourages Distribution System Operators to redefine the approach to power system operation, even new tools are needed to quickly and effectively deploy the most suitable technological solutions. This is required both to reduce the long testing phases on the field and to make investments more effective. In this regard, the paper presents the results of an ongoing collaboration between e-distribuzione, Gridspertise and Politecnico di Bari which have set up a Remote Power Hardware-in-the-Loop co-simulation platform. Benefits and shortcomings of such cooperative framework was evaluated considering and testing the control architecture deployed to guarantee a secure operation of islanded distribution networks in the frame of the Italian ISMI project.