Two-Ray Model Analysis for Overwater Communication at 28 GHz with Different Heights

This research aims to assess the signal propagation behavior of millimeter waves (mmWaves) over maritime environments. It focuses on the path loss performance of shore-to-vessel and vessel-to-vessel overwater communication at 28 GHz when considering line-of-sight conditions. The study is conducted by means of synthetic simulations at four different receiver antenna heights with respect to the water surface, representing emerging maritime Internet-of-Things application scenarios. Simulation results are shown concerning the path loss and the excess path loss - additional path loss relative to that in free-space - for each particular antenna height, over different TX-RX separations. We also show the cumulative distribution function of the excess path loss. The outcomes reveal variations of up to 10 dB in path loss performance depending on the height-distance setup. The results also reveal an initial distance range for all antenna heights in which the excess path loss is below 3 dB with 90% probability.