Lion Swarm Optimization for Base Station Placement

This paper demonstrates a solution for base station placement using Lion Swarm Optimization (LSO). We use the Okumura–Hata model to calculate the propagation distance and build a model that takes terrain into consideration. To increase the LSO method’s effectiveness, we also provide an algorithm to disperse overlapping base stations and reduce the generation of overlapping base stations. We conduct the experiment using actual terrain acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Compared to LSO and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the proposed method shows higher convergence speed and larger coverage area.