Interaction of radiated electromagnetic waves with biological phantoms and their relation to phantom density using a microstrip antenna

The interaction between an electromagnetic field and various materials has been the subject of study due to its significance in the characterization and detection of phenomena, which has opened a window of research and innovation in fields such as medicine, medical diagnostics, and treatments. These studies have presented difficulties due to the diversity of tissues and, therefore, the elements that compose them, along with the significant physiological differences among them.This paper introduces a study concerning the interaction between phantoms that simulate biological tissue and the alterations they may undergo in the presence of an electromagnetic field. In the pursuit of this investigation, different phantoms were manufactured utilizing a variety of materials to emulate the properties of biological tissue. An experimental environment was constructed to investigate their behavior under the influence of an electromagnetic field using an isolated box. In this environment a LibreVNA was connected to perform the measurements using a specifically designed antenna, which allowed to observe precisely how the phantoms interacted depending on the material of their construction.A distinct difference in S
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magnitude parameter values was recorded, depending on the material and its density. Graphite was identified as the material whose interaction represents the highest power reflection at port 1 with a result of -15.87 dB.