Configuration of Battery Capacity for Energy Storage Participating in Primary Frequency Regulation Based on VSG Control

As the integration of renewable energy sources continues to grow, power systems face critical challenges including the reduction of system inertia and frequency dynamic degradation. Virtual Synchronous Generation (VSG) control, designed to mimic the behavior of synchronous generators, can provide inertia and damping support to the power system for regulating active power frequency and reactive power voltage. This paper introduces the overall structure of an energy storage system based on VSG control, including the bidirectional DC/DC control on the DC storage side and the control principle of the grid-connected inverter VSG. A comparative simulation analysis between VSG control and droop control is conducted, outlining the constraint mechanism of energy storage VSG under different inertia constants and damping coefficients, aiming to achieve optimal configuration of battery storage units. The optimal energy and power parameters of energy storage units for different damping ratios are determined, and the suggested approach is validated and demonstrated by conducting simulations using Matlab/Simulink.