Bi-level Optimal Scheduling Model of Virtual Energy Storage Based on Electric Vehicles under Time-of-Use Electricity Price

Access to large-scale electric vehicles poses a new challenge to the optimal scheduling of electric power systems. This paper proposes a bi-level optimal scheduling model of virtual energy storage for electric vehicles under TOU. Using TOU electricity price to guide the orderly charging of electric vehicles on the load side; Then, considering the uncertainty factors in the process of photovoltaic output at the source side and price-type demand response at the load side, the system optimization scheduling was carried out to maximize the economic benefit of charge and discharge and minimize the peak-valley difference of load. Finally, through the analysis of simulation examples, it can be concluded that the bi-level optimal scheduling strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the peaking and valley difference of load in the system, realize the orderly charging of electric vehicles, and effectively improve users’ satisfaction with electricity consumption, reduce users’ charging costs and increase system economic benefits.