A Conceptual Framework for Wireless Interconnection of Pole Mount Distribution Transformers Using Directional Beamforming by Phased Array Antenna System

Pole-mount transformers, commonly used in the distribution network of an electrical power system, are prone to faults and failures due to various reasons. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the condition of these transformers to ensure reliable and uninterrupted power supply to consumers. A central monitoring system for these transformers requires a robust communication network to interconnect the components. While wired communication technologies like power line communication and optical fiber have traditionally been popular for their reliability, wireless technologies are now emerging in the power system. However, most wireless communications are still limited to low-range, low-power networks that cover small geographic areas. This paper presents the concept of a futuristic Wide Area Mesh Network (WAMN) that interconnects pole-mount transformers using directional beamforming through a phased array antenna system. This method is advantageous over wired connections due to its lower cost, and it also outperforms other wireless technologies owing to its superior energy efficiency. Although the star topology is considered, a mesh network is preferred due to its unique advantages. The static nature of transformers eliminates mobility issues that mobile communication systems face, and the environment surrounding the pole-mount transformers does not change as rapidly as that of mobile communication networks. These advantages allow the network to rely on simple phased array antennas rather than advanced beamforming technologies. The presented concept can be explored and validated through relevant research studies and experiments.