Dynamic Protection Scheme in a Digital Environment of Electrical Systems

This study focuses on the adjustment and coordination of overcurrent protections in an electrical protection system to ensure system reliability. The study defines the behavior of overcurrent protection, including the instantaneous function (ANSI protection 50) and time-delayed function (ANSI protection 51). A case study of a power system is presented to illustrate the implementation of trigger logic in commercial relays from different manufacturers. The coordination of relay trip curves is achieved using the IEC inverse curve equation. The analysis emphasizes the importance of proper protection coordination during fault scenarios to maintain system reliability. The proposed dynamic protection scheme utilizes the advantages of IEC 61850 digital substation technology, incorporating the GOOSE protocol for communication between relays. The study validates the effectiveness of the coordination logic through simulated fault events. The results demonstrate the successful adaptation of protection settings to changing system dynamics, ensuring reliable and safe operation. The model has proven to be effective in protecting the system against contingencies, even in cases of multiple faults. However, it has limitations on the number of devices. It is suggested to explore alternative approaches to improve coordination capacity.