The green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by using aloe vera extract and effects on neuroblastoma cell line

The application of metal nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to their unique properties such as high surface area/volume ratio, diverse chemical reactivity, catalytic capabilities, and potential for targeted drug delivery. These nanoparticles find utility across various domains including electrochemical processes, hydrogen generation, electronic devices, sensors, and biomedical technologies. Among these, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have garnered interest for their catalytic, sensing, superconducting, photocatalytic, and photovoltaic applications. Additionally, CuO NPs have demonstrated promising roles in anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant therapies, interacting effectively at the cellular level. The transition to eco-friendly synthesis methods, such as utilizing plant extracts, presents an attractive alternative due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. Factors contributing to toxicity involve metal ion release, interactions with living cells, surface chemistry alterations, and routes of exposure. CuO NPs have been linked to oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, growth inhibition, and cell death. The potential role of copper, both in its nanoparticulate and ionic forms, in the pathogenesis of diseases like Parkinson’s necessitates further investigation. This study focuses on the multifaceted properties of CuO NPs and their potential implications. The low-cost and stable nature of CuO, coupled with its compatibility for polymer blending, makes it a versatile material. Various methods have been employed for CuO NP synthesis, though challenges remain regarding the use of toxic chemicals and solvents. To gauge toxicity, varying concentrations of CuO NPs are administered to a neuroblastoma cell line, and subsequent toxicity analysis is conducted. This investigation contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the applications, synthesis methods, and potential toxicological implications of CuO NPs.